When Was The Last Time Democrats Controlled All Three Branches

In the U.s., divided government describes a situation in which 1 political party controls the executive branch while some other party controls 1 or both houses of the legislative branch.

Divided government is seen by dissimilar groups as a benefit or as an undesirable product of the model of governance used in the U.Due south. political arrangement. Under said model, known as the separation of powers, the country is divided into different branches. Each branch has separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with the powers associated with the others. However, the caste to which the president of the United States has control of Congress often determines their political force - such as the ability to pass sponsored legislation, ratify treaties, and take Cabinet members and judges approved.

The model tin be contrasted with the fusion of powers in a parliamentary system where the executive and legislature (and sometimes parts of the judiciary) are unified. Those in favor of divided government believe that such separations encourage more than policing of those in ability by the opposition, likewise as limiting spending and the expansion of undesirable laws.^[1] Opponents, however, contend that divided governments become lethargic, leading to many gridlocks. In the late 1980s, Terry M. Moe, a professor of political science at Stanford University, examined the issue.^[2] He ended that divided governments pb to compromise which can be seen as beneficial, just he besides noticed that divided governments subvert functioning and politicize the decisions of executive agencies. Additionally, further inquiry has shown that during divided governments, legislatures volition pass laws with sunset provisions in order to achieve a political consensus.^[3]

Early on in the 19th century, divided government was rare, but since the 1970s information technology has become increasingly common.

Political party control of legislative and executive branches since 1861 [edit]

Political party control of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives (including president's party): 1855-2021^[4] ^[5] ^[6]

D denotes the Democratic Party and R denotes the Republican Party

Assuming indicates a divided authorities.

Year	Senate	Business firm	President political party	President
1861–1863	R	R	R	Lincoln
1863–1865	R	R	R	Lincoln
1865–1867	R	R	D	A. Johnson
1867–1869	R	R	D	A. Johnson
1869–1871	R	R	R	Grant
1871–1873	R	R	R
1873–1875	R	R	R
1875–1877	R	D	R
1877–1879	R	D	R	Hayes
1879–1881	D	D	R	Hayes
1881–1883	R	R	R	Garfield / Arthur
1883–1885	R	D	R	Arthur
1885–1887	R	D	D	Cleveland
1887–1889	R	D	D	Cleveland
1889–1891	R	R	R	Harrison
1891–1893	R	D	R	Harrison
1893–1895	D	D	D	Cleveland
1895–1897	R	R	D	Cleveland
1897–1899	R	R	R	McKinley
1899–1901	R	R	R	McKinley
1901–1903	R	R	R	McKinley / T. Roosevelt
1903–1905	R	R	R	T. Roosevelt
1905–1907	R	R	R
1907–1909	R	R	R
1909–1911	R	R	R	Taft
1911–1913	R	D	R	Taft
1913–1915	D	D	D	Wilson
1915–1917	D	D	D
1917–1919	D	D	D
1919–1921	R	R	D
1921–1923	R	R	R	Harding
1923–1925	R	R	R	Harding / Coolidge
1925–1927	R	R	R	Coolidge
1927–1929	R	R	R	Coolidge
1929–1931	R	R	R	Hoover
1931–1933	R	D	R	Hoover
1933–1935	D	D	D	F. Roosevelt
1935–1937	D	D	D
1937–1939	D	D	D
1939–1941	D	D	D
1941–1943	D	D	D
1943–1945	D	D	D
1945–1947	D	D	D	F. Roosevelt / Truman
1947–1949	R	R	D	Truman
1949–1951	D	D	D
1951–1953	D	D	D
1953–1955	R	R	R	Eisenhower
1955–1957	D	D	R
1957–1959	D	D	R
1959–1961	D	D	R
1961–1963	D	D	D	Kennedy
1963–1965	D	D	D	Kennedy / Johnson
1965–1967	D	D	D	Johnson
1967–1969	D	D	D	Johnson
1969–1971	D	D	R	Nixon
1971–1973	D	D	R	Nixon
1973–1975	D	D	R	Nixon / Ford
1975–1977	D	D	R	Ford
1977–1979	D	D	D	Carter
1979–1981	D	D	D	Carter
1981–1983	R	D	R	Reagan
1983–1985	R	D	R
1985–1987	R	D	R
1987–1989	D	D	R
1989–1991	D	D	R	G.H.Westward. Bush
1991–1993	D	D	R	G.H.Westward. Bush
1993–1995	D	D	D	Clinton
1995–1997	R	R	D
1997–1999	R	R	D
1999–2001	R	R	D
2001–2003	D^*	R	R	Thou.Westward. Bush
2003–2005	R	R	R
2005–2007	R	R	R
2007–2009	D	D	R
2009–2011	D	D	D	Obama
2011–2013	D	R	D
2013–2015	D	R	D
2015–2017	R	R	D
2017–2019	R	R	R	Trump
2019–2021	R	D	R	Trump
2021–2023	D^**	D	D	Biden
Year	Senate	House	President party	President

^*The 2000 election resulted in a 50–l necktie in the Senate, and the Constitution gives tie-breaking power to the vice president. The vice president was Democrat Al Gore from January 3, 2001 until the inauguration of Republican Richard Cheney on January 20, 2001. Then on May 24, 2001, Republican Senator Jim Jeffords of Vermont left the Republican Party to caucus with the Democrats every bit an independent, resulting in another shift of command. ^[seven]

^**The 2020 election resulted in a 50–50 necktie in the Senate, and the Constitution gives tie-breaking power to the vice president. The vice president has been Democrat Kamala Harris since Jan 20, 2021.

Presidential bear on [edit]

Many presidents' elections produced what is known equally a coattail consequence, in which the success of a presidential candidate as well leads to electoral success for other members of his or her party. In fact, all newly elected presidents except Zachary Taylor, Richard Nixon, and George H. W. Bush were accompanied past control of at least ane house of Congress.

Presidents by congressional control and terms won/served [edit]

Most columns are in numbers of years.

No.	President	President's party		Elections won	Years served	Senate with	Senate opposed	House with	House opposed	Congress with	Congress opposed	Congress divided
1	George Washington	None		2	8	8	0	iv	4	4	0	4
ii	John Adams	Federalist		1	4	4	0	4	0	4	0	0
3	Thomas Jefferson	Autonomous-Republican		two	eight	8	0	8	0	eight	0	0
4	James Madison	Democratic-Republican		two	8	eight	0	eight	0	8	0	0
5	James Monroe	Democratic-Republican		2	8	eight	0	8	0	eight	0	0
6	John Quincy Adams	Democratic-Republican	National-Republican	1	four	0	4	2	two	0	2	2
seven	Andrew Jackson	Autonomous		2	8	6	2	8	0	6	0	2
8	Martin Van Buren	Democratic		1	iv	4	0	iv	0	4	0	0
ix	William Harrison	Whig		1	0.1	0.1	0	0.1	0	0.1	0	0
x	John Tyler	Whig	Independent	0	3.nine	3.9	0	i.9	2	1.9	0	ii
11	James Polk	Democratic		1	4	4	0	2	2	2	0	ii
12	Zachary Taylor	Whig		1	1	0	one	0	i	0	ane	0
13	Millard Fillmore	Whig		0	3	0	iii	0	three	0	3	0
xiv	Franklin Pierce	Democratic		one	4	four	0	2	2	two	0	2
15	James Buchanan	Democratic		1	4	4	0	2	2	2	0	two
16	Abraham Lincoln	Republican	National Union	2	iv.ane	iv.i	0	4.1	0	4.i	0	0
17	Andrew Johnson	Democratic	National Union	0	3.9	0	3.9	0	3.9	0	3.9	0
18	Ulysses Grant	Republican		2	8	eight	0	half-dozen	2	vi	0	ii
19	Rutherford Hayes	Republican		1	four	2	ii	0	iv	0	2	2
20	James Garfield	Republican		one	0.5	0	0.5	0.5	0	0	0	0.v
21	Chester Arthur	Republican		0	three.5	iii.5	0	1.v	2	ane.5	0	ii
22	Grover Cleveland	Democratic		i	4	0	iv	four	0	0	0	4
23	Benjamin Harrison	Republican		1	4	iv	0	2	2	two	0	2
24	Grover Cleveland	Autonomous		1	four	two	ii	2	2	2	two	0
25	William McKinley	Republican		2	4.5	4.v	0	4.5	0	4.five	0	0
26	Theodore Roosevelt	Republican		1	seven.5	7.5	0	vii.5	0	7.5	0	0
27	William Taft	Republican		1	4	4	0	ii	2	2	0	2
28	Woodrow Wilson	Democratic		2	8	6	2	six	2	vi	2	0
29	Warren Harding	Republican		1	2.4	ii.4	0	2.4	0	two.4	0	0
thirty	Calvin Coolidge	Republican		1	5.half-dozen	five.6	0	5.six	0	5.6	0	0
31	Herbert Hoover	Republican		i	4	4	0	2	two	ii	0	2
32	Franklin Roosevelt	Democratic		4	12.2	12.2	0	12.2	0	12.two	0	0
33	Harry Truman	Democratic		1	7.8	5.eight	2	5.8	2	5.viii	two	0
34	Dwight Eisenhower	Republican		2	eight	2	vi	2	6	2	6	0
35	John Kennedy	Democratic		1	2.8	2.eight	0	2.8	0	2.8	0	0
36	Lyndon Johnson	Democratic		i	5.2	5.ii	0	5.ii	0	5.ii	0	0
37	Richard Nixon	Republican		2	five.vi	0	5.half dozen	0	5.6	0	v.6	0
38	Gerald Ford	Republican		0	2.four	0	2.4	0	two.4	0	ii.4	0
39	Jimmy Carter	Autonomous		1	iv	4^[8]	0	4	0	4	0	0
40	Ronald Reagan	Republican		2	8	6	2	0	viii	0	2	vi
41	George H. W. Bush	Republican		i	4	0	4	0	4	0	iv	0
42	Bill Clinton	Democratic		two	8	two^[9]	half-dozen	2	6	two	six	0
43	George W. Bush	Republican		2	8	four.five	iii.5	six	2	4.five	2	one.5
44	Barack Obama	Democratic		two	eight	6	2	ii	6	2	2	four
45	Donald Trump	Republican		1	4	4	0	2	2	2	0	2
46	Joe Biden	Democratic		1	1	one^[10]	0	1	0	1	0	0
No.	President	President'due south political party		Elections won	Years served	Senate with	Senate opposed	Business firm with	House opposed	Congress with	Congress opposed	Congress divided

References [edit]

^ "Would Divided Government Be Improve?". Cato Establish. 3 September 2006. Archived from the original on seven July 2019. Retrieved sixteen August 2020.
^ Moe, Terry (1989). "The Politics of Bureaucratic Structure". Retrieved 2016-05-04 .
^
^ "Political party In Power - Congress and Presidency - A Visual Guide To The Residual of Power In Congress, 1945-2008". Uspolitics.nigh.com. Archived from the original on Nov ane, 2012. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
^ "Chart of Presidents of the United States". Filibustercartoons.com. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
^ "Limerick of Congress past Party 1855–2013". Infoplease.com. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
^ Langer, Emily (2014-08-18). "James Chiliad. Jeffords, Vermont Republican who became independent, dies at eighty". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2021-01-07 .
^ Carter served the last 17 days of his presidency with a Republican majority Senate.
^ Clinton served the final 17 days of his 2d term with a 50-l majority in the senate with Al Gore being the tie billow for the democrats afterwards they won control in the 2000 elections until Republican vice president Dick Cheney was sworn in and bankrupt the necktie in favor of the republicans.
^ Biden began his starting time term with a fifty-l majority in the senate with Kamala Harris being the tie billow for the democrats after the senators elected in Georgia's senate runoff elections and the senator appointed by the governor of California were sworn in on January 20th, 2021.